Overview

Opioid pharmacotherapy is the use of medication, generally methadone or buprenorphine, to improve health outcomes for people dependent on opioids. Those dependent on opioids, such as heroin or prescription painkillers, may experience withdrawal symptoms, cravings, overdose, injecting-related complications, and other health and safety risks. Opioid pharmacotherapy supports these people to reduce or stop using illicit or unsanctioned opioids, improves their health and functioning, and reduces risks and harms associated with illicit and unsanctioned opioid use to both the person and communities.

Research has demonstrated that combining treatment with counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy, and other psychosocial interventions can improve recovery outcomes. In addition, integrating mental health care with opioid pharmacotherapy can lead to better mental health outcomes, particularly for those dealing with co-occurring mental health disorders like depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

In Australia, opioid pharmacotherapy is subsidised through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), and the availability of long-acting injectable buprenorphine has expanded treatment options.

This research brief highlights the importance of an integrated approach, offering insights into the benefits of combining opioid pharmacotherapy with mental health services for a more effective, holistic treatment.